Asimov’s Guide to Shakespeare
Patrick Prescott
Since brevity is the sole of wit, therefore I will be
brief. From the play Hamlet.
I am a huge Shakespeare buff and a huge Isaac Asimov fan. If
I went any further, I’d be writing a dissertation.
I asked the librarian at the library I frequent if they had
any books by Isaac Asimov. The library branch didn’t have any, but the kind
lady said she could order some and have it delivered in a couple of days. She
read me a list. What caught my attention was Asimov’s Guide to Shakespeare.
I could kill two birds with one stone.
It came in and I had three weeks before it had to be turned
in. I checked it out on Nov. 17 this year and had to renew the check out twice.
I just finished it. Not due back till Dec. 26.
Combined It’s 1,460 pages, with maps and genealogy tables. I’m
a voracious reader, but my eyesight lends itself better to an e-reader where I
can set the font. A book with a font of around 8 requires I use strong reading glasses
and my eyes tire quickly. If I’m reading fiction I tend to skim and scan over descriptions
of flora and fauna, internal debates, etc. and cut to the chase. You don’t do
that with non-fiction Isaac Asimov. Every word has meaning.
The book covers all 38 plays and two narrative poems. It was
published in 1970 as two volumes. Volume one comprised the Greek, Roman and
Italian plays. Volume Two the English plays. The book that came in was both volumes
in one book.
Asimov limits himself to explaining to the modern reader
what the Elizabethan and Jacobin audiences would already know. At least the
well-educated aristocracy and royalty would know them. The groundlings or
common people might not understand all of it, but he put in comedy and action
to keep them satisfied.
Today classical education (humanities) has been vilified.
Today’s high school graduates don’t have a clue about who Jimmy Clanton was
singing about in his song, Venus in Blue Jeans in the 1950’s.
In the Greek, Roman
and Italian plays both Greek and Roman gods and goddesses were characters like
the play Venus and Adonis.
Here I’d like to do a sample of how Asimov enlightens the
reader,
“Adonis is
the Greek version of a Semitic vegetation god… the type of myth of which Venus
and Adonis is representative…reflects the birth of agriculture.
“The
Sumerians, about 2000B.C. represented the agricultural cycle with a god,
Dumu-zi, who died and was resurrected; a life-and-death…celebrated each year.
“The
Semitic Babylonian’s name for the vegetation god was Tammuz…
“As the
Greeks and Semites gained more and more in the way of cultural interchange, the
Tammuz version entered Greek mythology directly. Tammus became Adonis.
“The name shift
is no mystery… The semitic term for ‘Lord” is ‘Adonai’ it was “Adonai” that was
adopted by the Greeks. They added a final s… making it ‘Adonis.”
Asimov goes to
great length to explain the Classical gods. They were more or less the same
gods, but different names and nicknames. Zeus (Greek) Jupiter (Roman) Jove (nickname).
A complete primer
in not only Greek and Roman mythology, but eastern and German as well.
Asimov also references the sources Shakespeare used. It
might be another play he borrowed the plot from and improved on it or wrote it
on demand by a wealthy patron. The historical plays Asimov cited the Bard’s
source, such as Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae (story of
the British Kings), Plutarch’s Lives for Julius Caesar and Anthony
and Cleopatra. The Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus for his History of
Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in AD1200. For English history he refers to William
Camden’s History of the British Isles, 1586 and Raphael Holinshed’s Chronicles
of England, Scotland and Ireland 1577.
Macbeth, he wrote to
please King James IV of Scotland and James I of England. It celebrated the King’s
Scottish ancestry, and his fascination with witches.
In the plays Henry IV part one and Henry IV part
two, Shakespeare inserted a fictitious character named Falstaff. He was the
comic relief and carousing buddy of young Prince Hal. Before he could write Henry V, legend has it that Queen Elizabeth
enjoyed the character and wanted Shakespeare to write another play on him. He
wrote the Merry Wives of Windsor before Henry V.
One of Shakespeare’s benefactor and close friend was Thomas
Beaufort, Duke of Exeter. The man led a rebellion against Elizabeth and was
executed. This had a direct impact on Shakespeare’s opinion on war and palace
intrigue. He walked a fine line of keeping both Elizabeth and James happy, but
still sneaking in his thoughts. Falstaff’s soliloquy in Henry IV part one is an
example:
Falstaff feigns death during the battle. After Prince Hal
kills Hot Spur and the fighting leaves. He stabs the dead body so he can claim
the prize and then says to the audience. “What is valor? It is air. Tis
discretion the better part of valor be.”
Shakespeare covers the Hundred Years War from Richard II to
Richard III nine plays. We have the same problem today with historical movies
in that that people and time don’t match reality. Asimov fills in the gaps when
the play has people on stage who haven’t been born yet or are dead or in another
country. He gives a graduate level course on all that’s happening in France and
England for the whole 15th century. It was heaven to read it.
I don’t expect anyone to rush to the nearest library and ask
to borrow a copy, alas that’s the only place you may or may not find it. Amazon
does have a copy for $164.
For me I gained insight and appreciation for Shakespeare that
I didn’t have before, no matter how much I love watching the movies and going to
a play if one is available. Isaac Asimov in you’re one of those thousands of
witnesses that surround us I want to thank you for this endeavor on your part.
I'm finished on Asimov so you can stop reading if you want.
The one thing that made me able to understand Shakespeare and enjoy his plays in 9th grade is I was raised in church when the King James Version of the Bible was about the only one available for protestants. Later the Revised Standard and American Standard came out, and in the 60's, 70's up to today all kinds of different interpretations are available.
Thee, thou, ye and other anachronisms I grew up understanding. Some preachers even preached using them. I prefer the New American Standard Version as it's the closest to a pure translation, for easy reading I enjoy The Message, but it's not for serious study.
I discovered while at Seminary in one class we had a list for the semester of all the scripture verses we would be tested on, and they were to be memorized. There was no way I could memorize out of NASV. KJV was purposely written in pre-printing press language or poetically. By the time of King James the common language became more prose than poetry. People actually used to talk like that so they could remember what was said, especially when the town crier read the latest laws or taxes, which they only read aloud once, and the people were required to obey them.